In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is primarily due to the lack of oxygen in Nb2O5, utilized being a Uncooked content First soften (Czochralski method) [186]. Accordingly, determined by its production technologies, niobium pentoxide can undertake a wide array of compositions Nb2O5−x. Therefore, https://-lithiumniobatecrystal96396.blogdal.com/33051687/the-smart-trick-of-lithium-niobate-crystal-that-nobody-is-discussing